Pota Focal

FOCLÓIR GAEILGE–BÉARLA

IRISH–ENGLISH DICTIONARY

liostaí aibítreachaalphabetical listings

liostaí de réir ábhairsubject-specific lists

liosta minicíochtafrequency list

(1) pronoun

his causes aspiration

a chapall his horse

a athair his father

her prefixes h to vowels

a capall her horse

a hathair her father

their causes eclipsis, prefixes n- to vowels

a gcapall their horse

a n-athair their father

(1) particle

introduces the vocative case causes aspiration

a Sheáin Seán!

a Shinéad Sinéad!

a dhuine hey you!

introduces a bare numeral prefixes h to vowels

a haon, a dó, a trí one, two, three

uimhir a haon déag number eleven

seomra a ceathair room four

connects objects with verbal nouns causes aspiration

ní féidir liom an obair a dhéanamh I can't do the work

an bhfuil tú chun an cheist a fhreagairt? are you going to answer the question?

ba mhaith liom tú a phógadh I would like to kiss you

introduces a direct relative clause that, which, who with independent form of verbs, causes aspiration

an fear a bhí ann the man who was there

an duine a chonaic tú the person (that) you saw

introduces an indirect relative clause whose, whom with dependent form of verbs, causes eclipsis

an fear a raibh deacrachtaí aige the man who had difficulties

an duine a bhfaca tú a mhac the person whose son you saw

all, what with dependent form of verbs, causes eclipsis

sin a bhfuil that's all

sin a bhfuil agam that's all I have

léigh sí a raibh scríofa ann she read what was written there

» Synonym: gach a

introduces a noun of degree

ní chreidim a mhéad atá sé I can't believe how big it is

tá moladh ag dul dó as a fheabhas a d'oibrigh sé he deserves praise for how well he worked

(2) copula

» This is a form of: is

interrogative form of the copula

an Garda tú? are you a policeman?

an tusa Sinéad? are you Sinéad?

(2) particle

introduces the interrogative form of verbs with dependent form of verbs, causes eclipsis

an ndearna tú é? did you do it?

an dtuigeann siad? do they understand?

an éisteoidh tú liom? will you listen to me?

(2) article

the causes aspiration, causes eclipsis

iThe definite article an causes various mutations on the noun that follows depending on gender and case.

bí

(3) verb

past: bhí, past dep: raibh, pres: tá, pres dep: fuil, pres hab: bíonn, fut: beidh, vn: bheith

tá an cheist deacair the question is hard

an bhfuil tú sásta? are you happy?

bíonn siad anseo gach samhradh they are here every summer

beidh sé gaofar amárach it will be windy tomorrow

ba mhaith liom bheith sa bhaile I would like to be at home

» Multi-word unit: thar a bheith

(4) preposition

with pronoun: i + mé = ionam, i + tú = ionat, i + é ann, i + í = inti, i + muid = ionainn, i + sibh = ionaibh, i + iad = iontu, before vowels: in, with article: i + an = sa, with article before vowels: i + an = san

in causes eclipsis

bhí mé ar saoire i gConamara I was on holiday in Connemara

tá mé sa teach I am in the house

chaith sé tréimhse in Éirinn he spent some time in Ireland

bhí siad san arm they were in the army

tá neart agus fuinneamh ionam there is strength and energy in me

» Form with a separate entry: ann

(5) preposition

with pronoun: ar + mé = orm, ar + tú = ort, ar + é = air, ar + í = uirthi, ar + muid = orainn, ar + sibh = oraibh, ar + iad orthu

ar an tábla on the table

ar chlúdach na hirise on the cover of the magazine

» Pattern with a separate entry: rud a bheith ar rud

at (with time)

ar a trí a chlog at three o'clock

» Synonym: ag 3

one of

tá sibh ar na chéad daoine a tháinig anocht you are one of the first people who came tonight

» Synonyms: de 2, ag 5

agus

(6) conjunction /agəs/

and

mise agus tusa me and you

» Abbreviated form: is

while with infinite clause

ná labhair leis an tiománaí agus an bus ag gluaiseacht do not talk to the driver while the bus is moving

bhuail mé leis agus mé i nGaillimh I met him while I was in Galway

(7) copula

past: ba

iused in various types of copular sentences

is Garda é he is a policeman

is mise Sinéad I am Sinéad

» Form with a separate entry: an

(7) conjunction /is/

» This is an abbreviated form of: agus 1

and

Pádraig is a mhac Pádraig and his son

» Abbreviated form: 's

(8) preposition

with pronoun: ag + mé = agam, ag + tú = agat, ag + é = aige, ag + í = aici, ag + muid = againn, ag + sibh = agaibh, ag + iad = acu

Forms the present tense when combined with a verbal noun and the verb 'to be'.

tá mé ag dul abhaile I am going home

tá siad ag teach i leith they are coming towards us

at (with objects)

tá muid inár suí ag an tábla we are seated at the table

» Pattern with a separate entry: rud a bheith ag duine

at (with time)

ag a trí a chlog at three o'clock

ag an nóiméad deireanach at the last minute

» Synonym: ar 2

alt scríofa ag an uachtarán an article written by the president

tá sé scriosta aige he has destroyed it, lit. it is destroyed by him

one of

is mise duine acu I am one of them

gach duine againn every one of us

» Synonyms: de 2, ar 3

» Multi-word unit: cé acu

(9) preposition

with pronoun: le + mé = liom, le + tú = leat, le + é = leis, le + í = léi, le + muid = linn, le + sibh = libh, le + iad = leo, with article: le + an = leis an, le + na = leis na

with

» Form with a separate entry: leis

» Multi-word unit: dar le

away, on and on (emphasises continuity of action)

tá sé ag obair leis he is working away

lean sí ag gearán léi go bhfuair sí freagra she kept on complaining until she got an answer

(11) prefix

with verbal adjectives un-…-able

» Antonym: so

» Form with a separate entry: dochloíte

» Derived compound: dolúbtha

(11) pronoun

your (singular) causes aspiration, apostrophe before vowel

do chúinne your corner

d'uncal your uncle

(11) preposition

with pronoun: do + mé = dom, do + tú = duit, do + é = dó, do + í = di, do + muid = dúinn, do + sibh daoibh, do + iad = dóibh, with article: do + an don

to, for

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